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The Czech Republic (/ˈtʃɛk rɨˈpʌblɪk/ CHEK RƏPUBLIK; Czech: Česká republika, pronounced [ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka] ( ), short form Česko Czech pronunciation: [ˈt͡ʃɛsko]) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Germany to the west and north-west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the north-east. Prague is the capital and largest city, with 1.3 million residents. The Czech Republic includes the historical territories of Bohemia and Moravia, as well as a small part of Silesia.

The Czech state, formerly known as Bohemia (Čechy), was formed in the late 9th century as a small duchy around Prague, at that time under the dominance of the powerful Great Moravian Empire. After the fall of the Empire in 907, the centre of power was transferred from Moravia to Bohemia under the Přemyslids. In 1002, Bohemia was formally recognized as a duchy within the Holy Roman Empire, rising to the status of kingdom in 1212. During the rule of the Přemyslids and their successors, the Luxembourgs, Bohemia expanded in size until reaching its greatest territorial extent in the 14th century. During the Hussite wars, the kingdom faced economic embargoes and crusades from all over Europe.

Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526, the Kingdom of Bohemia was gradually integrated into the Habsburg monarchy as one of its three principal parts, alongside the Archduchy of Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary. The Bohemian Revolt (1618–20) against the catholic Habsburgs led to the Thirty Years' War, after which the monarchy consolidated its rule, re-imposed Catholicism, and adopted a policy of gradual Germanization. With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the Bohemian kingdom became part of the Austrian Empire. In the 19th century the Czech lands became the industrial powerhouse of the monarchy and the core of the Republic of Czechoslovakia, which was formed in 1918 following the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire after World War I. After 1933, Czechoslovakia remained the only democracy in central and eastern Europe.

Following the Munich Agreement and the Polish annexation of Zaolzie, Czechoslovakia fell under German occupation during World War II. By 1945, a major portion of the country was liberated by the Red Army, and the subsequent gratitude towards the Soviets, combined with disillusionment with the West for failing to intervene, led the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia to victory in the 1946 elections. Following the 1948 coup d'état, Czechoslovakia became a single-party communist state under Soviet influence. In 1968, increasing dissatisfaction with the regime culminated in a reform movement known as the Prague Spring, which ended with an invasion by the armies of the Warsaw Pact countries (with the exception of Romania). Czechoslovakia remained occupied until the 1989 Velvet Revolution, when the communist regime collapsed and a multiparty parliamentary republic was formed. On 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia peacefully dissolved into its constituent states: the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic.

Czech Republic maintains a welfare system that provides universal health care and tertiary education for its citizens. The UN ranks the country 14th in the inequality-adjusted human development. It possesses an advanced economy and in 2006 became the first former member of Comecon to achieve the status of a developed country, according to the World Bank. The Czech Republic also ranks as the ninth-most peaceful country in Europe, while achieving the best performance in democratic governance and infant mortality in the region. It is a pluralist parliamentary representative democracy with membership in the European Union, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the Council of Europe and the Visegrád Group.


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Country:Czech Republic
Telephone country code:+420
Coordinates: DMS: Latitude: 49°45'0" N; Longitude: 15°0'0" E; DD: 49.75, 15;
Aliases (In other languages):Afrikaans: Czech RepublicAzərbaycanca: ÇexiyaBahasa Indonesia: Ceko, RepublikDansk: TjekkietDeutsch: Tschechische RepublikEesti: TšehhiEnglish: Czech RepublicEspañol: República ChecaFilipino: Republika ng CzechFrançaise: République TchèqueHrvatski: Republika ČeškaItaliano: Repubblica CecaLatviešu: ČehijaLietuvių: ČekijaMagyar: CsehországMelayu: CzechiaNederlands: TsjechiëNorsk bokmål: TsjekkiaOʻzbekcha: ChexiyaPolski: CzechyPortuguês: República TchecaRomână: CehiaShqip: Czech RepublicSlovenčina: ČeskoSlovenščina: Češka republikaSuomi: TšekkiSvenska: TjeckienTiếng Việt: SécTürkçe: Çek CumhuriyetiČeština: Česká republikaΕλληνικά: ΤσεχίαБеларуская: ЧэхіяБългарски: ЧехияКыргызча: ЧехияМакедонски: ЧешкаМонгол: ЧехРусский: ЧехияСрпски: Република ЧешкаТоҷикӣ: ЧехияУкраїнська: Чеська РеспублікаҚазақша: ЧехияՀայերեն: Չեխիաעברית: צ׳כיהاردو: چیک جمہوریہالعربية: جمهورية التشيكفارسی: جمهوری چکमराठी: चेक प्रजासत्ताकहिन्दी: चेकবাংলা: চেকিয়াગુજરાતી: ચેક રીપબ્લિકதமிழ்: செக் குடியரசுతెలుగు: చెక్ రిపబ్లిక్ಕನ್ನಡ: ಚೆಕ್ ರಿಪಬ್ಲಿಕ್മലയാളം: ചെക്ക് റിപ്പബ്ലിക്සිංහල: ක්සේෂියාවไทย: สาธารณรัฐเช็กქართული: ჩეხეთი中國: 捷克日本語: チェコ한국어: 체코
More names:
An tSeic, Bohemia, Ceahkka, Cechia, Cecland, Ceehi, Cehija, Cehio, Cehujo, Cek Cumhuriyeti, Cekia, Cekija, Cekijos Respublika, Ceki republiki, Ceko, Cekya, Ceska, Ceska Republika, Ceska Socialisticka Republika, Ceska republika, Ceske Kraje, Ceske Uzemi, Ceske Zeme, Cesko, Cex Respublikasi, Chekhi, Chekhija, Chekia, Chekkia, Chequia, Chequia - Cesko, Chequia - Česko, Ches'ka respublika, Chesh'sko, Cheshka, Cheshka Republika, Cheshskaja Respublika, Chik Suyu, Chéquia, Cong hoa Sec, Cong hoa Sec (Czech), Cseh Koeztarsasag, Cseh Köztársaság, Csehorszag, Czech Lands, Czech Socialist Republic, Czesko Republika, Czeskô Repùblika, Cộng hòa Séc, Cộng hòa Séc (Czech), Ditunga dya Tsheka, Gweriniaeth Tsiec, Jamhuri ya Cheki, Jamhuriyar Cak, Jamhuuriyadda Jek, Kekkia, Koedoeroesese ti Tyeki, Komara Cekiyaye, Komara Çêkiyayê, Kyɛk Kurokɛse, Ködörösêse tî Tyêki, Lipapilika Seki, Lipubulika ya Ceeka, Ndenndaandi Cek, Orileede seeki, Orílẹ́ède ṣẹ́ẹ́kì, Poblacht na Seice, Repibiki Tsekɛ, Repoblikan'i Tseky, Repubblika Ceka, Repubblika Ċeka, Repubbrica Ceca, Republica Ceca, Republica Ceha, Republica Cehă, Republica Chec, Republica Checa, Republica Chèca, Republica Tchec, Republica Tcheca, Republica Tscheca, Republica Txeca, Republiche Ceche, Republik Ceko, Republik Czech, Republik Czechia, Republik Tchek, Republika Ceke, Republika Ceska, Republika Chekhija, Republika Czeka, Republika Czeska, Republika e Cekise, Republika e Çekisë, Republika Çeke, Republique tcheque, Republyique Tcheque, Repubulika ya Ceke, Repùblica Ceca, República Txeca, Res publica Bohemica, Ripubblica Ceca, Ripublica Cecca, Ripùbblica Ceca, Rèpublica tch·èca, République tchèque, Républyique Tchèque, Tchequia, Tchequie, Tchéquia, Tchéquie, Teehhi, Tekkland, Tjeggiese Republiek, Tjekkia, Tschechesch Republik, Tschechien, Tschjechje, Tsechia, Tsehhi, Tsehhi Vabariik, Tsekin tasavalta, Tsekki, Tsjechie, Tsjechje, Tsjeggie, Tsjeggië, Tsyegaen, Tsyegän, Tsɛk repɔblik nutome, Txekiar Errepublika, Txequia, Txèquia, Tékkland, Těehhi, Tšehhi Vabariik, Ucheki, Yn Pobblaght Sheckagh, ceka ganarajya, ceka prajasattaka, ceka prajatantra, ceka ripablika, cek ganarajyam, cekha ganatantra, cekiya, cekk rippablik, cek kutiyaracu, cek ripablik, cek sadharanatantra, ceqa ganatantra, chekheti, cheko, cheko gong he guo, chekogonghwagug, i-Czech Republic, jheka prajasattaka, jie ke, jie ke gong he guo, jmhwry chk, jmhwryt altshyk, sa tharn rath chek, tshyk, z'kyh, Çekia, Çekya, Çex Respublikası, Ĉeĥio, Ĉeĥujo, Čeahkka, Čeehi, Čekijos Respublika, Česká Republika, Česká Socialistická Republika, České Kraje, České Země, České Územi, Češka, Češka Republika, Čhekkia, Čěska republika, Република Чехия, Чеська республіка, Чехiя, Чехи, Чехія, Чешка Република, Чешская Республика, Чешьско, Չեխիայի Հանրապետություն, טשעכיע, צ'כיה, تشيك, چېک جمهوريت, کۆماری چیک, ܬܫܝܟ, चेक गणराज्य, चेक रिपब्लिक, चेक़ गणतंत्र, चेख गणतन्त्र, झेक प्रजासत्ताक, চেক প্রজাতন্ত্র, চেকিয়া, ଚେକ୍ ସାଧାରଣତନ୍ତ୍ର, చెక్ గణరాజ్యం, ສາທາລະນະລັດເຊັກ, ཅེ་ཁེ, ཅེཀ་རི་པབ་ལིཀ, ཅཻག་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ།, ချက် ပြည်ထောင်စု, ჩეხეთის რესპუბლიკა, ቼክ ሪፑብሊክ, សាធារណរដ្ឋឆេក, チェコ共和国, 捷克共和国, 체코공화국

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