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Mongolia /mɒŋˈɡoʊliə/ (Mongolian:  Монгол улс ) is a landlocked country in east-central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. Ulaanbaatar, the capital and also the largest city, is home to about 45% of the population. Mongolia's political system is a parliamentary republic.

The area of what is now Mongolia has been ruled by various nomadic empires, including the Xiongnu, the Xianbei, the Rouran, the Turkic Khaganate, and others. In 1206, Genghis Khan founded the Mongol Empire, and his grandson Kublai Khan conquered China to establish the Yuan Dynasty. After the collapse of the Yuan, the Mongols retreated to Mongolia and resumed their earlier pattern of factional conflict and occasional raids on the Chinese borderlands. In the 16th and 17th centuries, Mongolia came under the influence of Tibetan Buddhism.

At the end of the 17th century, all of Mongolia had been incorporated into the area ruled by the Manchu's Qing Dynasty. During the collapse of the Qing Dynasty the Mongols established Temporary Government of Khalkha in 30 November 1911. On 29 December 1911 Mongolia declared independence from the Qing Dynasty and this National Liberation Revolution ended the Manchu's rule that lasted 220 years (153 years after the collapse of the Zunghar Khanate).

The country came under Soviet influence, resulting in the proclamation of the Mongolian People's Republic as a Soviet satellite state in 1924. After the breakdown of communist regimes in Europe in late 1989, Mongolia saw its own democratic revolution in early 1990; it led to a multi-party system, a new constitution of 1992, and transition to a market economy.

At 1,564,116 square kilometres (603,909 sq mi), Mongolia is the 19th largest and the most sparsely populated independent country in the world, with a population of around 2.9 million people. It is also the world's second-largest landlocked country after Kazakhstan. The country contains very little arable land, as much of its area is covered by steppe, with mountains to the north and west and the Gobi Desert to the south.

Approximately 30% of the population are nomadic or semi-nomadic. The predominant religion in Mongolia is Tibetan Buddhism. Islam is the dominant religion among ethnic Kazakhs. The majority of the state's citizens are of Mongol ethnicity, although Kazakhs, Tuvans, and other minorities also live in the country, especially in the west. About 20% of the population live on less than US$1.25 per day. Mongolia joined the World Trade Organization in 1997 and seeks to expand its participation in regional economic and trade regimes. According to a 2011 World Health Organization survey, Mongolia has some of the worst air pollution in the world, with an annual average of 279 micrograms of "PM10" particles per cubic metre.


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Country:Mongolia
Telephone country code:+976
Coordinates: DMS: Latitude: 46°0'0" N; Longitude: 105°0'0" E; DD: 46, 105;
Aliases (In other languages):Afrikaans: MongoliaAzərbaycanca: MonqolustanBahasa Indonesia: MongoliaDansk: MongolietDeutsch: MongoleiEesti: MongooliaEnglish: MongoliaEspañol: MongoliaFilipino: MongoliaFrançaise: MongolieHrvatski: MongolijaItaliano: MongoliaLatviešu: MongolijaLietuvių: MongolijaMagyar: MongóliaMelayu: MongoliaNederlands: MongoliëNorsk bokmål: MongoliaOʻzbekcha: MongoliyaPolski: MongoliaPortuguês: MongóliaRomână: MongoliaShqip: MongoliaSlovenčina: MongolskoSlovenščina: MongolijaSuomi: MongoliaSvenska: MongolietTiếng Việt: Mông CổTürkçe: MoğolistanČeština: MongolskoΕλληνικά: ΜογγολίαБеларуская: МанголіяБългарски: МонголияКыргызча: МонголияМакедонски: МонголијаМонгол: МонголРусский: МонголияСрпски: МонголијаТоҷикӣ: МонголияУкраїнська: МонголіяҚазақша: МоңғолияՀայերեն: Մոնղոլիաעברית: מונגוליהاردو: منگولیاالعربية: منغوليافارسی: مغولستانमराठी: मंगोलियाहिन्दी: मंगोलियाবাংলা: মোঙ্গোলিয়াગુજરાતી: મંગોલિયાதமிழ்: மங்கோலியாతెలుగు: మంగోలియాಕನ್ನಡ: ಮೊಂಗೋಲಿಯಾമലയാളം: മംഗോളിയසිංහල: මොන්ගෝලියාවไทย: มองโกเลียქართული: მონღოლეთი中國: 蒙古国日本語: モンゴル한국어: 몽골
More names:
An Mhongoil, An Mhongóil, Bong-ko, Bugd Nayramdah Mongol Ard Uls, Bông-kó͘, Bügd Nayramdah Mongol Ard Uls, Chʼah Diʼilii Bikéyah, IMongoliya, Mangol, Mangolia, Mangoliya, Mogitolia, Mogolia, Mogolistan, Mong Co, Mongoalje, Mongoelya, Mongoilia, Mongokolia, Mongokōlia, Mongol, Mongol Peoples Republic, Mongol Ulas, Mongol Uls, Mongolaen, Mongoli, Mongolia - Mongol Uls, Mongolia - Монгол Улс, Mongolian People's Republic, Mongolian People’s Republic, Mongolia nutome, Mongolii, Mongolikondre, Mongolio, Mongoliýa, Mongolja, Mongolland, Mongollia, Mongolska, Mongolujo, Mongol uls, Mongolya, Mongolän, Mongolí, Mongolïi, Mongooliya, Mongooliyaa, Mongoolje, Mongop Uls, Mongoria, Mongoriya, Mongołia, Monguoleje, Monguolėjė, Mongòilia, Mongòlia, Mongòllia, Mongólía, Mongōria, Monholie, Monholië, Monngolii, Monokolia, Monoli, Monqoliya, Mool, Moğolıstan, Moŋoli, Muguliston, Mung-gu, Mung-ku-koet, Mungolia, Mungolijo, Mungul suyu, Mungulsuyu, Mungzguj, Mòngolskô, Mòngólíà, Môngôlia, Mùng-kú-koet, Mūng-gū, Můngolijo, Mɔngolia, Orileede Mogolia, Orílẹ́ède Mogolia, Yn Vongoil, i-Mongolia, magoli'a, mangealiya, mangoli'a, mangoliya, mankoliya, meng gu, meng gu guo, mghlstan, mghwlstan, mnghwlya, mngwlya, mong-gol, mongholeti, mongolo, mongoru, mongoru guo, mwghwlystan, mwghwlywn, mwngwlyh, mwnjwlya, mxngkoleiy, prathes mxngkoleiy, Мангол, Монгол Улас, Монголи, Монголие, Монгол улс, Монгоп Улс, Моол, Моңголстан, Моңһлмудин Орн, Муғулистон, Мѫголи, מאנגאליי, مغلستان, موغولئستان, موغولئون, موغولیستان, مونجوليا, موڭغۇلىيە, مەنگۆلیا, މޮންގޯލިއާ, मङ्गोलिया, মংগোলিয়া, মঙ্গোলিয়া, মঙ্গোলিয়া, ਮੰਗੋਲੀਆ, ମଙ୍ଗୋଲିଆ, ಮಂಗೋಲಿಯ, මොංගෝලියාව, ประเทศมองโกเลีย, ມົງໂກລີ, མོང་གོལ།, སོག་པོ, སོག་པོ་, སོག་ཡུལ།, မွန်ဂိုးလီးယား, မွန်ဂိုးလီးယားနိုင်ငံ, ሞንጎሊያ, ሞንጎልያ, ᎹᏂᎪᎵᎠ, ម៉ុងហ្គោលី, モンゴル国, 蒙古, 蒙古國

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