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Taiwan (/ˌtaɪˈwɑːn/ TY-WAHN Chinese: 臺灣 or 台灣; pinyin: Táiwān; see below), officially the Republic of China (ROC; Chinese: 中華民國; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó), is a state in East Asia. The Republic of China, originally based in mainland China, now governs the island of Taiwan, which makes up over 99% of its territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and other minor islands. Neighboring states include the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east and northeast, and the Philippines to the south. Taipei is the seat of the central government. New Taipei, encompassing the metropolitan area surrounding Taipei proper, is the most populous city.

The island of Taiwan (formerly known as "Formosa") was mainly inhabited by Taiwanese aborigines until the Dutch and Spanish settlement during the Age of Discovery in the 17th century, when Han Chinese people began immigrating to the island. In 1662, the pro-Ming loyalist Koxinga expelled the Dutch and established the first Han Chinese polity to rule on the island, the Kingdom of Tungning. The Qing Dynasty of China later conquered Taiwan in 1683. By the time Taiwan was ceded to Japan in 1895, the majority of Taiwan's inhabitants were Han Chinese either by ancestry or by assimilation. The Republic of China (ROC) was established in China in 1912. At the end of World War II in 1945, Japan surrendered Taiwan to ROC military forces on behalf of the Allies. Following the Chinese civil war, the Communist Party of China took full control of mainland China and founded the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. The ROC relocated its government to Taiwan, and its jurisdiction became limited to Taiwan and its surrounding islands. In 1971, the PRC assumed China's seat at the United Nations, which the ROC originally occupied. International recognition of the ROC has gradually eroded as most countries switched recognition to the PRC. Only 21 UN member states and the Holy See currently maintain formal diplomatic relations with the ROC, though it has informal ties with most other states via its representative offices.

Constitutionally, the ROC government has claimed sovereignty over all of "China", in a definition that includes mainland China and Outer Mongolia, but has not made retaking mainland China a political goal since 1992. However, the government's stance on defining its political position largely depends on which political coalition is in charge. Meanwhile, the PRC also asserts itself to be the sole legal representation of China and claims Taiwan as its 23rd province to be under its sovereignty, denying the status and existence of ROC as a sovereign state. The PRC has threatened the use of military force as a response to any formal declaration of Taiwanese independence, or if it deems peaceful reunification no longer possible. Cross-strait relations as well as issues of national identity within the country are important factors in Taiwanese politics and a cause of social and political division among political parties and their respective supporters.

During the latter half of the 20th century, Taiwan experienced rapid economic growth and industrialization and is now an advanced industrial economy. In the 1980s and early 1990s, Taiwan evolved into a multi-party democracy with universal suffrage. Taiwan is one of the Four Asian Tigers and a member of the WTO and APEC. The 19th-largest economy in the world, its high-tech industry plays a key role in the global economy. Taiwan is ranked highly in terms of freedom of the press, health care, public education, economic freedom, and human development.


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Country:Taiwan
Telephone country code:+886
Coordinates: DMS: Latitude: 24°0'0" N; Longitude: 121°0'0" E; DD: 24, 121;
Aliases (In other languages):Afrikaans: TaiwanAzərbaycanca: Çin RespublikasıBahasa Indonesia: TaiwanDansk: TaiwanDeutsch: TaiwanEesti: TaiwanEnglish: TaiwanEspañol: TaiwánFilipino: TaiwanFrançaise: TaïwanHrvatski: TajvanItaliano: TaiwanLatviešu: TaivānaLietuvių: TaivanasMagyar: TajvanMelayu: TaiwanNederlands: TaiwanNorsk bokmål: Republikken KinaOʻzbekcha: TayvanPolski: TajwanPortuguês: TaiwanRomână: TaiwanShqip: TaivaniSlovenčina: TaiwanSlovenščina: TajvanSuomi: TaiwanSvenska: TaiwanTiếng Việt: Đài LoanTürkçe: TayvanČeština: Tchaj-wanΕλληνικά: ΤαϊβάνБеларуская: ТайваньБългарски: ТайванКыргызча: Кытай РеспубликасыМакедонски: ТајванМонгол: ТайваньРусский: ТайваньСрпски: ТајванТоҷикӣ: ТайваньУкраїнська: ТайваньҚазақша: ТайуанՀայերեն: Թայվանעברית: טייוואןاردو: تائیوانالعربية: تايوانفارسی: تایوان، استان چینमराठी: चीनचे प्रजासत्ताकहिन्दी: ताइवानবাংলা: তাইৱানગુજરાતી: તાઇવાનதமிழ்: தைவான்తెలుగు: తైవాన్ಕನ್ನಡ: ಥೈವಾನ್മലയാളം: തായ്വാൻසිංහල: තායිවානයไทย: ไต้หวันქართული: ტაივანი中國: 台湾日本語: 台湾, 中華民国한국어: 중화민국
More names:
An Teavain, An Téaváin, Chinska republika, Chung-fa Min-koet, Chung-hua Min-kuo, Chunwa Republika, Chûng-fà Mìn-koet, Cin Cumhuriyeti, Cin Respublikasi, Cinska republika, Cumhuriyete Cini, Cumhuriyetê Çini, Cunghvaz Minzgoz, Dai-uang, Dai Loan, Dimokratia tis Kinas, Dài-uăng, Enez Taiwan, Formosa, GJai Loan, Heograpiya ng Taiwan, Hiina Vabariik, IThayiwani, Ilha Formosa, Illa de Taiwan, Illa de Taiwán, Isola di Formosa, Jamhuri ya China, Jamhuriyar Sin, Khuutej Respublikeh, Kiinan tasavalta, Kinai Koeztarsasag, Kinas Republika, Kitajy Respublikae, Kitay Respublikasi, Kitay Respublikası, Kitdin Orn, Kytaj Respublikata, Kytaj Өrөspүүbүlүkehteh, Kínai Köztársaság, Lydveldid Kina, Lýðveldið Kína, Orile-ede Olominira ile Saina, Orileede Taiwani, Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira ilẹ̀ Ṣáínà, Orílẹ́ède Taiwani, Pobblaght ny Sheen, Poblachd na Sine, Poblachd na Sìne, Province of China, Province of China, Pulau Taiwan, ROC, ROC, Republica de China, Republica de Cina, Republic o Cheenae, Republic of China, Republic of China, Republiek China, Republiek van Sjina, Republik China, Republik Cina, Republik Kina, Republik Tiongkok, Republik Tsiene, Republika Chinska, Republika Chinskeje, Republika Chinsko, Republika Chińska, Republika Chińsko, Republika Kina, Republika Kitaj, Republika di China, Republika e Kines, Republika e Kinës, Republika han Tsina, Republika ng Tsina, Republika ning Tsina, Republika sa Tsina, Republike de China, Republiko di Chinia, Republique de Chine, Repubrica de China, Repuvlika de Kina, República de China, Repúbrica de China, Respublika Kitaj, Respubliko Cinio, Respubliko Ĉinio, Ripablik bilong Saina, Rèpublica de Ch·ina, Républik Cina, République de Chine, Saina Taipei, Taaywaan, Tai-oan, Taiban, Taihuan, Taioana, Taiuani, Taivan, Taivan', Taivana, Taiwan Province of China, Taiwan ROC, Taiwan Republic of China, Taiwana, Taiwani, Taiwanin, Taiwan nutome, Tajuan, Tajvan', Tajvano, Tayiwani, Tayvaen, Tayvän, Taywaan, Taywan, Taívan, Taýwan, Teivan, Thayiwani, Tâi-oân, Tâiwâni, Vostrau Tajvan', cina, cinace prajasattaka, cina ganaraja, cinak kutiyaracu, cini ganarajya, cini ganatantra, daeman, d chyn jmhwryt, hrpwblyqh hsynyt, i-Taiwan, jmhwryt alsyn, junghwamingug, prathes tihwan, satharnrath cin, ta'i'oyana, ta'iraana, ta'ivana, ta'iwan, ta'iwana, taivan, taivana, tai wan, taywan, tayywan, ta‘ivan, thaivan, tyywwʼn, tʼywwʼn, zhong hua min guo, Çin Cumhuriyeti, Čínská republika, Ķīnas Republika, Δημοκρατία της Κίνας, Бүгд Найрамдах Хятад Улс, Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Хитад Улас, Востраў Тайвань, Китайы Республикæ, Китдин Орн, Кытай Республиката, Кытай Җөмһүрияте, Кытай Өрөспүүбүлүкэтэ, Република Кина, Република Китай, Республіка Китай, Хъутей Республикэ, Ҡытай Республикаһы, Չինաստանի Հանրապետություն, הרפובליקה הסינית, טאיוואן, تائيوان, تایوان, تایڤان, تەيۋەن, جمهورية الصين, جمہوریۂ چین, د چين جمهوريت, د چین جمهوریت, کۆماری چین, ޓައިވާން, चीन, चीनी गणराज्य, तैवान, টাইৱান, তাইওয়ান, ਚੀਨ ਗਣਰਾਜ, ਤਾਇਵਾਨ, ચીની ગણતંત્ર, ତାଇୱାନ, ତାଇୱାନ୍, சீனக் குடியரசு, టైవాన్, ಚೀನಿ ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯ, തായ്‌വാന്‍, തായ്‌വാൻ, ประเทศไต้หวัน, สาธารณรัฐจีน, ໄຕ້ຫວັນ, ཏའི་ཝཱན, ཏའི་ཝཱན་, ཐའེ་ཝན།, တရုတ်သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ, ထိုင်ဝမ်, ታይዋን, የቻይና ሪፐብሊክ, តៃវ៉ាន់, 中华民国, 中華民国, 中華民國, 대만, 타이완

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