Qashqadaryo Province (Uzbek: Qashqadaryo viloyati, Қашқадарё вилояти), (old spelling Kashkadarya Province) is a viloyat (province) of Uzbekistan, located in the southern part of the country in the basin of the Qashqadaryo River and the western slopes of the Pamir Mountains. It borders with Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan, Samarqand Province, Buxoro Province and Surxondaryo Province. It covers an area of 28,400 km². The population is estimated to be around 2,067,000 (2007), with some 73% living in rural areas.